• ES Picture of the Day 01 2020

    From Black Panther@21:1/186 to All on Sat Feb 1 14:01:06 2020
    EPOD - a service of USRA

    The Earth Science Picture of the Day (EPOD) highlights the diverse processes and phenomena which shape our planet and our lives. EPOD will collect and archive photos, imagery, graphics, and artwork with short explanatory
    captions and links exemplifying features within the Earth system. The
    community is invited to contribute digital imagery, short captions and
    relevant links.


    Encore - Geminid Meteors Observed Over Leiria, Portugal

    February 01, 2020

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    Today and every Saturday Earth Science Picture of the Day invites you
    to rediscover favorites from the past. Saturday posts feature an EPOD
    that was chosen by viewers like you in our monthly Viewers' Choice
    polls. Join us as we look back at these intriguing and captivating
    images.

    Photographer: Carlos Dias
    Summary Author: Carlos Dias

    April 2014 Viewer's Choice The photo composite above shows meteors
    showering an old windmill situated in the village of Outeiro,
    Leiria, Portugal. These are from the Geminid meteor shower,
    one of our most reliable, late-year meteor showers. According to the
    International Meteor Organization, 110 meteors per hour were
    recorded at the peak of the Geminids on December 13/14, 2013. However,
    only viewers in very dark locations could observe this many falling
    stars. My friend, Joao Almeida, and I counted approximately 70
    meteors in the hours after midnight and before dawn on December 14,
    2013.
    Every year in early-mid December our planet crosses the orbital
    path of asteroid 3200 Phaethon. Debris from this mysterious
    body is vaporized as it bombards the Earth's upper atmosphere at
    speeds of over 80,700 mph (130,000 km/h). The resulting meteors seem to
    radiate from the constellation of Gemini. Note Orion at
    lower right. Sirius is the very bright star just to the right of
    the windmill. The Lyrids meteor shower peaks April 22. Look also
    for the Eta Aquarids on May 5-7.
    Photo Details: The photo is a combination of 7 photos, taken between
    2:00 a.m. and 6:00 a.m. on December 14, 2013. Camera: Canon EOS REBEL
    T2i; Software: Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 5.3 (Windows).
    * Outeiro, Portugal Coordinates: 39.963880, -8.469503

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    Night Sky Links

    * Space Weather Live
    * Space Weather Live Forum
    * About the Moon
    * American Meteor Society
    * Arbeitskreises Meteore e.V.
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    * Heavens Above Home Page
    * The International Meteor Organization
    * Lunar and Planetary Institute
    * MoonConnection
    * NASA Eclipse Web Page
    * Understanding The Moon Phases

    -
    Earth Science Picture of the Day is a service of the Universities
    Space Research Association.

    https://epod.usra.edu

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  • From Black Panther@21:1/186 to All on Sun Mar 1 14:01:26 2020
    EPOD - a service of USRA

    The Earth Science Picture of the Day (EPOD) highlights the diverse processes and phenomena which shape our planet and our lives. EPOD will collect and archive photos, imagery, graphics, and artwork with short explanatory
    captions and links exemplifying features within the Earth system. The
    community is invited to contribute digital imagery, short captions and
    relevant links.


    Archive - 60 Years Ago Today on Bikini Atoll

    March 01, 2020

    Xxxxxxxxxxxx
    Each Sunday we present a notable item from our archives. This EPOD was
    originally published March 1, 2014.

    Image: Earth Observatory, Landsat OLI
    Summary Author: David K. Lynch
    Bikini_detail copy On March 1, 1954, the United States detonated a
    thermonuclear hydrogen bomb on Bikini Atoll (above) in the
    Marshall Islands. Code-named Castle Bravo, the 15 megaton
    (MT) explosion blew a crater (left) in the islandΓÇÖs coral roughly
    6500 ft in diameter and 250 ft deep (2000 m by 76 m). The resulting
    mushroom cloud ultimately reached a height of 130,000 ft (40,000
    m), well into the stratosphere. Castle Bravo was the largest
    above-ground H-bomb test ever conducted by the US.
    H-bomb energy is obtained by fusion, where two isotopes combine
    (fuse) to form a third, and in the process release energy. In the case
    of Castle Bravo, tritium released as lithium fissions (splits)
    combines with deuterium and produces energetic, fast-moving
    atomic particles and X-rays that are immediately absorbed by
    surrounding material, thereby heating it. Rapid expansion of the
    multimillion degree detonation products is the source of the blast
    wave. All stars including our Sun are powered by fusion
    reactions in their cores.
    Castle Bravo was originally intended to be 4-6 MT but owing to
    incomplete (at the time) knowledge about how lithium isotopes absorb
    neutrons, the blast was much larger than anticipated. The unexpectedly
    large neutron flux that occurred when lithium-7 decayed caused
    uranium-235, one of the bombΓÇÖs components, to fission (split)
    and release additional energy.
    The surprisingly large detonation and unanticipated winds spread
    radioactive fallout over a much larger area than expected. A number
    of Marshallese, Japanese and American people received high radiation
    doses and one died soon after exposure. It seems likely that more
    delayed deaths and health problems have occurred as a result of fallout
    from Castle Bravo. The incident provoked an international outcry, and
    in 1963 the US, Great Britain and the Soviet Union signed the
    Nuclear Test Ban Treaty prohibiting surface tests in the future.
    * Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands Coordinates: 11.697106,
    165.271868

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    History Links

    * Paleoclimatology Data
    * USGS: Age of the Earth
    * What is Geologic Time?
    * GSA Geologic Time Scale
    * Earth Facts
    * Earth History Courses

    -
    Earth Science Picture of the Day is a service of the Universities
    Space Research Association.

    https://epod.usra.edu

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  • From Black Panther@21:1/186 to All on Wed Apr 1 13:01:34 2020
    EPOD - a service of USRA

    The Earth Science Picture of the Day (EPOD) highlights the diverse processes and phenomena which shape our planet and our lives. EPOD will collect and archive photos, imagery, graphics, and artwork with short explanatory
    captions and links exemplifying features within the Earth system. The
    community is invited to contribute digital imagery, short captions and
    relevant links.


    Pac-Man Crop Circle

    April 01, 2020

    PacMan Crop Circle
    Photographer: Patrick Wiggins
    Summary Author: Patrick Wiggins

    Flying near Utah Lake (Utah) a few weeks back, I noticed this weird
    crop circle. It reminded me of the Pac-Man game from years ago.
    I observed it from the open window of a small aircraft flying
    approximately 1,000 m above the surface. Most of these circles have
    diameters of about 800 m, but this one has a huge bite taken out of it.

    With central pivot irrigation, water is withdrawn from a single
    well in the center of a field, and the crop (likely in this case to be
    alfalfa or a feed crop of some kind) is watered as the pivot
    rotates around it, allowing the water to be evenly distributed.
    Moreover, less water is lost to evaporation with this method. Photo
    taken on February 4, 2020.
    * Utah Lake, Utah Coordinates: 40.172840,-111.944590

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    Hydrology Links

    * Current Sea Surface Temperature
    * NOAA Ocean Explorer Gallery
    * Ocean Color
    * What is hydrology?
    * Tides and Currents
    * Water Resources of the United States
    * World Waterfall Database
    * The USGS Water Science School
    * World Water Database
    * The World’s Water
    * USGS Surface Water Information Pages

    -
    Earth Science Picture of the Day is a service of the Universities
    Space Research Association.

    https://epod.usra.edu

    --- up 10 weeks, 14 hours, 5 minutes
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  • From Black Panther@21:1/186 to All on Fri May 1 13:01:42 2020
    EPOD - a service of USRA

    The Earth Science Picture of the Day (EPOD) highlights the diverse processes and phenomena which shape our planet and our lives. EPOD will collect and archive photos, imagery, graphics, and artwork with short explanatory
    captions and links exemplifying features within the Earth system. The
    community is invited to contribute digital imagery, short captions and
    relevant links.


    Aurora and Urridafoss

    May 01, 2020

    Uridafoss

    Tamas_aurora

    Photographer: Tamas Kelemen
    Summary Author: Tamas Kelemen

    On our way home from a trip to Diamond Beach, in southeastern
    Iceland, we could see the sky above was turning brighter so we decided
    to stop to take a look. The Northern Lights were putting on a show!
    We stopped right next to Urridafoss, which is one of many lovely
    waterfalls in southern Iceland. In Iceland, no matter where you
    stop, you’re likely nearby a breathtaking scene.

    The vapor from the still unfrozen falls quickly froze to my
    camera’s objective lens. Plus, the wind was very strong – wind
    chills of about -4 F (-20 C). The only thing disappointing was the
    light pollution, which was clearly an eyesore from this location.
    Nonetheless, I was able to capture a number of shots showing beautiful
    auroral colors and patterns. Photos taken on January 31, 2020.

    Photo Details: Top - Camera: Canon EOS 6D; Software: Adobe Photoshop
    Lightroom Classic 8.2 (Windows); Exposure Time: 13.000s; Aperture:
    ƒ/2.8; ISO equivalent: 6400.
    * Urridafoss, Iceland Coordinates: 63.924, -20.674

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    Atmospheric Effects Links

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    * What is a Rainbow?

    -
    Earth Science Picture of the Day is a service of the Universities
    Space Research Association.

    https://epod.usra.edu

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  • From Black Panther@21:1/186 to All on Mon Jun 1 15:00:40 2020
    EPOD - a service of USRA

    The Earth Science Picture of the Day (EPOD) highlights the diverse processes and phenomena which shape our planet and our lives. EPOD will collect and archive photos, imagery, graphics, and artwork with short explanatory
    captions and links exemplifying features within the Earth system. The
    community is invited to contribute digital imagery, short captions and
    relevant links.


    Anticrepuscular Rays and Lunar Eclipse

    June 01, 2020

    #01 (1)

    Photographer: Paolo Bardelli
    Summary Author: Paolo Bardelli

    When the sky is clear and the Sun rises or sets behind mountain
    tops, crepuscular rays may appear if there are a sufficient number
    of aerosols (dust, pollen, etc.) to scatter light toward the
    viewer. When crepuscular rays stretch to the opposite side of the
    horizon, towards the antisolar point, they’re called
    anticrepuscular rays, as shown in the first photo of the 3 image
    panel above. This photo was taken in in La Higuera, Chile, at dawn, on
    July 2, 2019, where on the same day a fantastic total eclipse of
    the Sun was viewed.

    The orbital plane of our lone satellite is inclined by 5.9
    degrees, therefore the Moon-Earth-Sun alignment does not always
    create the conditions necessary for having an eclipse of the Moon
    at the time of each full Moon. Simply by looking where the
    anticrepuscular rays fall in respect to the full Moon, I can tell if a
    lunar eclipse will occur.

    The middle photo was taken on July 27, 2018, from Numana, Italy. The
    full Moon is rising here exactly at the point of convergence of the
    solar shadows. Note that this was the longest total lunar eclipse of
    the century, with a darkening duration of 103 minutes. It was just
    starting when I snapped the photo.

    The bottom photo was taken on October 23, 2018, from Pordoi Pass, in
    the Dolomites of northern Italy. Here, the Moon rises several
    degrees to the right of the antisolar point. Thus, there is no
    opportunity for an eclipse of the Moon to occur, even a partial
    eclipse.
    * La Higuera, Chile, Numana and Pordoi Pass, Italy Coordinates

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    Atmospheric Effects Links

    * Atmospheric Optics
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    * Image Gallery: Atmospheric Effects
    * What is a Rainbow?

    -
    Earth Science Picture of the Day is a service of the Universities
    Space Research Association.

    https://epod.usra.edu

    --- up 18 weeks, 5 days, 16 hours, 4 minutes
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  • From Black Panther@21:1/186 to All on Wed Jul 1 15:01:34 2020
    EPOD - a service of USRA

    The Earth Science Picture of the Day (EPOD) highlights the diverse processes and phenomena which shape our planet and our lives. EPOD will collect and archive photos, imagery, graphics, and artwork with short explanatory
    captions and links exemplifying features within the Earth system. The
    community is invited to contribute digital imagery, short captions and
    relevant links.


    The Stone Face of the Uinta Mountains

    July 01, 2020

    RayB_duchesneface952c_25may20 (003)

    RayB_duchesneface955c_25may20 (003)

    Photographer: Ray Boren
    Summary Author: Ray Boren

    Poised above a winding Utah forest road, as well as the North Fork of
    the Duchesne River, is a massive limestone outcrop that looks —
    to those with a sense of pareidolia — very much like a gigantic
    human head. Passersby might even imagine the craggy, squinting Stone
    Face, illustrated in the first photograph here, taken on May 25, 2020,
    to be a remnant and reminder of a lost civilization.

    Pareidolia is the term used to describe our tendency to see images and
    patterns, such as faces and bodies and other shapes, in inanimate
    nature. Think of the fluffy poodle-clouds of a summer sky, or the
    clouds in songwriter Joni Mitchell’s “ Both Sides Now,” a song made
    famous by singer Judy Collins in the late 1960s. Or consider
    psychologist Hermann Rorschach’s inkblot tests — and the good
    old pareidolic Man in the Moon.

    This particular Stone Face is in the southwestern Uinta Mountains,
    northwest of the tiny Tabiona Valley town of Hanna and below majestic
    cliffs of Mississippian Deseret Limestone. It’s about 3.5 miles
    north of the intersection of Duchesne County Road 7 and Utah S.R.
    35. The layered sedimentary rock, found in several Utah ranges,
    formed about 340 million years ago in Panthalassa, the single
    superocean that surrounded the supercontinent Pangaea. The
    limestone was eventually thrust upward about 50 to 70 million
    years ago, during the Laramide Orogeny, the mountain-building
    episode that created the east-west trending Uinta Mountains and other
    ranges. Shown in the bottom photo is the North Fork Duchesne River
    (pronounced Dew-shayne) that courses through a classic U-shaped
    canyon repeatedly carved and eroded during the glaciations of the
    Pleistocene ice ages. At upper right is the left side of the Stone
    Face.

    Photo Details: Top - Camera: NIKON D3200; Exposure Time: 0.0050s
    (1/200); Aperture: ƒ/10.0; ISO equivalent: 400; Focal Length (35mm):
    120. Bottom: same except - Exposure Time: 0.0025s (1/400); Aperture:
    ƒ/11.0; Focal Length (35mm): 24.
    * Uinta Mountains, Utah Coordinates: 40.8827 -109.2971

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    Geography Links

    * Atlapedia Online
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    * Holt Rinehart Winston World Atlas
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    * Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection
    * Types of Land
    * World Mapper

    -
    Earth Science Picture of the Day is a service of the Universities
    Space Research Association.

    https://epod.usra.edu

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  • From Black Panther@21:1/186 to All on Sat Aug 1 15:00:30 2020
    EPOD - a service of USRA

    The Earth Science Picture of the Day (EPOD) highlights the diverse processes and phenomena which shape our planet and our lives. EPOD will collect and archive photos, imagery, graphics, and artwork with short explanatory
    captions and links exemplifying features within the Earth system. The
    community is invited to contribute digital imagery, short captions and
    relevant links.


    Encore - Smoking Mountain Lava Lake

    August 01, 2020

    Erta ale

    Today and every Saturday Earth Science Picture of the Day invites you
    to rediscover favorites from the past. Saturday posts feature an EPOD
    that was chosen by viewers like you in our monthly Viewers' Choice
    polls. Join us as we look back at these intriguing and captivating
    images.

    Photographer: Carlo Dellarole
    Summary Author: Carlo Dellarole

    September 2012 Viewer's Choice Seen above is a lava lake in the
    caldera of Erta Ale Volcano. Erta Ale volcano (meaning
    Smoking Mountain in the local Afar language) is located in the
    Danakil depression of the Afar Triangle, in the northeastern
    region of Ethiopia. It's one of the four active volcanoes which
    occasionally generate a lava lake (the others are Kilauea,
    Erebus and Nyiragongo).
    Erta Ale Range is situated along the northern branch of the
    African Rift and outlines an extraordinary geodynamic context,
    showing a portion of mid-ocean ridge rising to the Earth's
    surface. This process occurs along divergent boundaries, where two
    plates are moving apart: in this case, the Arabian plate moving
    eastwards and the African plate westwards.

    Photo Details: Camera: Canon EOS 500D; Lens: EF-S10-22mm f/3.5-4.5 USM;
    Focal Length: 10mm; Focus Distance: 4.29m; Aperture: f/3.5; Exposure
    Time: 0.040 s (1/25); ISO equiv: 200; Software: Adobe Photoshop CS6
    (Windows).
    * Erta Ale Volcano, Ethiopia Coordinates: 13.6051, 40.66128

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    Geology Links

    * Earthquakes
    * Geologic Time
    * Geomagnetism
    * General Dictionary of Geology
    * Mineral and Locality Database
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    * This Dynamic Earth
    * USGS
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    -
    Earth Science Picture of the Day is a service of the Universities
    Space Research Association.

    https://epod.usra.edu

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  • From Black Panther@21:1/186 to All on Thu Oct 1 15:06:32 2020
    EPOD - a service of USRA

    The Earth Science Picture of the Day (EPOD) highlights the diverse processes and phenomena which shape our planet and our lives. EPOD will collect and archive photos, imagery, graphics, and artwork with short explanatory
    captions and links exemplifying features within the Earth system. The
    community is invited to contribute digital imagery, short captions and
    relevant links.


    EPOD 20th - Bisti Wilderness Mushrooms

    October 01, 2020

    Bisti0240ac_15oct19 (002)

    Bisti0171c_14oct19

    January 2020 Viewer's Choice We’re celebrating 20 years of Earth
    Science Picture of the Day during the month of September...and more,
    there are just too many to fit into 30 days! Today’s photo features a
    popular EPOD from the past. Thanks to all of our followers (on the
    blog, Facebook, Instagram and Twitter) for supporting us. Thanks also
    to all of you who’ve submitted your photos. We’re most appreciative.
    This EPOD was originally published January 9, 2020.

    Photographer: Ray Boren
    Summary Author: Ray Boren

    Those venturing into northwestern New Mexico’s stark
    Bisti/De-Na-Zin Wilderness can be forgiven for feeling like an
    incarnation of English writer Lewis Carroll’s (aka Charles Lutwidge
    Dodgson) beloved Alice. Hikers find themselves trekking through a
    virtually trailless, hoodoo-strewn desert — often encountering
    eroded, stone-capped formations, many of which look very much like
    hefty, lithified mushrooms. These, however, lack a hookah-smoking
    caterpillar like the one illustrator John Tenniel depicted in
    Carroll’s 1865 fantasy, “ Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland.”

    In the first photograph here, taken on October 15, 2019, one such hiker
    makes her way through a maze of Bisti hoodoos sometimes dubbed
    “Mushroom City.” In a second photo, taken the previous evening, on
    October 14, 2019, a lone hoodoo casts a mushroom-like shadow as the
    setting Sun illuminates the landscape.

    The Bureau of Land Management, which oversees the 45,000-acre
    (18,211-hectare) wilderness, set aside by the U.S. Congress in 1984 on
    the fringe of the Navajo Reservation, describes the combined
    western Bisti and eastern De-Na-Zin badlands as a fantastic landscape
    of strange rock formations, some bearing fossils. Weathering and
    erosion have carved interbedded sedimentary layers of
    sandstone, limestone, shale, mudstone, silt,
    lignite coal and volcanic ash into hoodoos and other shapes.
    The sediments were laid down up to 70 million years ago in a river
    delta that fed into North America’s Western Interior Seaway, as
    well as swamps and ponds.

    The word Bisti derives from a Navajo language description (Bistahí)
    of the shale, or adobe, hills. De-Na-Zin is from the Navajo for
    standing cranes, depicted on a petroglyph panel. The hills, bluffs,
    cliffs and outcrops range in color from predominant shades of gray and
    tan to red, purple, black and off-white. Besides mushrooms, several
    miles into the badlands visitors encounter other odd, and sometimes
    towering, pinnacles and spires, often topped by erosion-resistant
    cap rocks. Some feature gravity-defying cantilevered wings. There
    are also arches and windows, petrified logs, alien eggs —
    and, as some describe it: a dragon’s head.

    Photo Details: Top - Camera: NIKON D3200; Exposure Time: 0.0020s
    (1/500); Aperture: ƒ/11.0; ISO equivalent: 250; Focal Length (35mm):
    24. Bottom - same except: Exposure Time: 0.0040s (1/250); Aperture:
    ƒ/10.0; ISO equivalent: 400; Focal Length (35mm): 28.
    * Bisti/De-Na-Zin Wilderness, New Mexico Coordinates: 36.2921,
    -108.1298

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    Geography Links

    * Atlapedia Online
    * CountryReports
    * GPS Visualizer
    * Holt Rinehart Winston World Atlas
    * Mapping Our World
    * Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection
    * Types of Land
    * World Mapper

    -
    Earth Science Picture of the Day is a service of the Universities
    Space Research Association.

    https://epod.usra.edu

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